…Distribution of Spending, Academic Achievement, and Adult Outcomes (National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 2014). With the release of newly available data, these researchers were able to conduct a…

…other classroom resources; instructional equipment, including computers, software, and internet access; audio-visual equipment and resources; and instructional materials, such as workbooks and library books, all of 92 which are an…

the state of Doeland. If Doeland used an accurate, fair, and transparent education funding formula that addressed the necessary resources required by Doeville’s student population, it would look something like…

…COMMUNITY RESOURCES TO REDUCE CHRONIC ABSENCE 11 (2017) ………………………………… 10 Bethany Children’s Home, Shelter Care, https://www.bethanyhome.org/programs/shelter-care/ (last visited Mar. 8, 2019) ……………………………………………………………………………………. 17, 23 CASEY FAMILY PROGRAMS, WHAT ARE THE…

…local sources (the remainder comes from federal sources)—a higher percentage than all but three states. (Id.) This dependence on local funding sources leaves low-wealth school districts with only a fraction…

…Unfortunately, current law is too permissive of 4 Research for Action, cellent Program. available at http://www.researchforaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/RFA-Policy-Note-on-SPP-Analysis-Feb-4- 20141.pdf. http://www.researchforaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/RFA-Policy-Note-on-SPP-Analysis-Feb-4-20141.pdf http://www.researchforaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/RFA-Policy-Note-on-SPP-Analysis-Feb-4-20141.pdf ! “#$%&'()*!+&,!-.*’./!! 01(2&#.231(&!4!0(”56$/71! ,,,8.2%93&8)/7! ! expansion, and charter legislation currently under…

…at http://www.ldnews.com/ci_22036769/lebanon-school-district-loses-truancy-lawsuit http://jjlp.law.ucdavis.edu/archives/vol-10-no-1/Truancy.pdf http://www.schoolengagement.org/TruancypreventionRegistry/Admin/Resources/Resources/TheLegalandEconomicImplicationsofTruancyExecutiveSummary.pdf http://www.schoolengagement.org/TruancypreventionRegistry/Admin/Resources/Resources/TheLegalandEconomicImplicationsofTruancyExecutiveSummary.pdf http://readingeagle.com/news/article/woman-in-berks-county-prison-for-truancy-found-dead-in-her-cell#.VBcu8qPD-Uk http://readingeagle.com/news/article/woman-in-berks-county-prison-for-truancy-found-dead-in-her-cell#.VBcu8qPD-Uk http://www.ldnews.com/ci_22036769/lebanon-school-district-loses-truancy-lawsuit 7 There was no evidence that these policies actually reduced truancy. In addition, most magistrate judges tell me that they believe fines…

…not punish the student for the creation of the website, as the website created much less disruption in school than the one in J.S. Additionally, although Layshock accessed the website…

…and stimulate economic growth. PEC’s Policy Research Advisory Consortium advocates for policy changes and fosters partnerships with local researchers and staff of local homeless family service providers to drive systemic…

…visited Aug. 20, 2013) ………….11 Green Woods Charter School, Admission of Students, http://greenwoodscharter.org/pdf/AdmissionofStudents.pdf (last visited Aug. 20, 2013) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………11 Jay G. Chambers, Total Expenditures for Students with Disabilities: Variation by…

…days of school.) . https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/16/us/politics/education-department-civil-rights-betsy-devos.html https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/16/us/politics/education-department-civil-rights-betsy-devos.html https://www.usccr.gov/press/2017/06-16-Efficacy-of-Federal-Civil-Rights-Enforcement.pdf https://www.usccr.gov/press/2017/06-16-Efficacy-of-Federal-Civil-Rights-Enforcement.pdf https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/23/upshot/dismal-results-from-vouchers-surprise-researchers-as-devos-era-begins.html?_r=0 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/23/upshot/dismal-results-from-vouchers-surprise-researchers-as-devos-era-begins.html?_r=0 https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education-k-12/reports/2018/03/20/446699/highly-negative-impacts-vouchers/ https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education-k-12/reports/2018/03/20/446699/highly-negative-impacts-vouchers/ 3 children with disabilities, English Language Learners, or students impacted by trauma in the same manner as public…

…And educAtionAl PolicY: in Pursuit oF genuine AccountABilitY (Oct. 30, 2002), available at http://www.ets.org/Media/Research/ pdf/PICANG8.pdf; RAND Corporation, Teachers’ Responses to Standards-Based Accountability (Working Paper WR-259-EDU, 2005), available at http://www. rand.org/pubs/working_papers/2005/RAND_WR259.pdf;…

…2017 National School Climate Survey (2018), https://www.glsen.org/ sites/default/files/GLSEN-2017-National-School-Climate-Survey-NSCS- Full-Report.pdf ……………………………………………………………………………. 10, 13 GLSEN, School Climate in Pennsylvania (2019), https://www.glsen.org/sites/ default/files/Pennsylvania%20State%20Snapshot%20-%202017%20 NSCS_0.pdf ……………………………………………………………………………………. 5, 9 Angela Irvine & Aisha Canfield, Reflections…

…students frequently have unmet needs and are regularly excluded from accessing critical resources for improving life outcomes. Research has found that students are chronically behind 3 U.S. Department of Education,…

…referrals to law enforcement for school disciplinary violations. These students frequently have unmet needs and are regularly excluded from accessing critical resources for improving life outcomes. Research has found that…

…no. 1, 7-19, November 2010.). 10 Recommendations to Improve Correctional and Reentry Education for Young People. Available at http://jlc.org/resources/publications/recommendations-improve-correctional-and-reentry-education-young-people. http://jlc.org/resources/publications/recommendations-improve-correctional-and-reentry-education-young-people 9 first time that a student should be referred for…

…of concern (10 µg/dL).” Furthermore, researchers observed a 4.6 decrease in IQ points for each 10 µg/dL increase in the blood lead concentration. Moreover, researchers concluded that, “for children whose…

…NHANES data, researchers found that lead exposure is also associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); as the BLL increased, the likelihood of developing ADHD increased. According to the researchers,…

…Legal Defense Fund, 2017, http://www.naacpldf.org/files/about-us/Bias_Reportv2017_30_11_FINAL.pdf. 8 See A state-by-state look at students referred to law enforcement, Center for Public Integrity, Apr. 10, 2015, https://www.publicintegrity.org/2015/04/10/17074/state-state-look-students-referred-law-enforcement. 9 See, e.g., Complaint: District fails…